Boston to Toronto Flight Time: How Long?


Boston to Toronto Flight Time: How Long?

The length of air journey between Boston Logan Worldwide Airport (BOS) and Toronto Pearson Worldwide Airport (YYZ) is often between one and a half to 2 hours. A number of elements can affect the precise flight time, together with air site visitors management, climate situations, and the precise flight path. Continuous flights typically provide the shortest journey time, whereas connecting flights introduce extra time for layovers and transfers.

Understanding typical flight durations is essential for vacationers planning itineraries, reserving connecting transportation, and managing general journey time. Correct time estimations allow vacationers to attenuate potential delays and disruptions, optimize connecting flight schedules, and arrive at their locations as deliberate. Historic flight information and airline schedules present a invaluable useful resource for estimating journey time, permitting passengers to make knowledgeable selections and put together accordingly.

This understanding of flight length informs discussions of associated journey matters equivalent to optimum flight routes, airline choice, and the general value and time funding related to air journey between these two main North American cities. Additional exploration of those matters can present vacationers with a complete overview of the journey expertise.

1. Flight Path

Flight paths considerably affect the length of flights between Boston and Toronto. A extra direct routing, adhering carefully to an important circle route, minimizes distance and consequently reduces flight time. Conversely, much less direct routes, probably necessitated by air site visitors management or climate programs, enhance the space traveled and prolong the general flight length. For instance, a flight path diverted round a storm system will inevitably take longer than a direct route.

Airways typically make the most of established air corridors, that are pre-defined routes designed to streamline air site visitors stream. Whereas these corridors improve security and effectivity, they might not at all times characterize the shortest geographical distance between two factors. The selection between a direct route and using a longtime air hall entails a trade-off between flight time and airspace administration issues. Airways analyze these elements to optimize routes for each effectivity and security.

Understanding the function of flight paths in figuring out flight length empowers vacationers to make extra knowledgeable selections. Whereas passengers don’t sometimes choose the precise flight path, consciousness of potential route variations permits for extra reasonable expectations relating to journey time. This data turns into significantly related when contemplating elements like potential delays attributable to climate diversions or air site visitors congestion. Consulting flight monitoring web sites or apps can present insights into typical flight paths and potential variations.

2. Airline

The selection of airline considerably impacts the length of a flight from Boston to Toronto. Totally different airways function numerous plane varieties, make the most of distinct flight paths, and provide various ranges of service, all of which may affect general journey time. Understanding these airline-specific elements helps vacationers make knowledgeable selections aligned with their schedules and preferences.

  • Plane Sort

    The kind of plane employed straight impacts flight length. Bigger plane, equivalent to wide-body jets, typically cruise at greater speeds, probably decreasing journey time in comparison with smaller, regional jets. As an example, a Boeing 737 sometimes cruises quicker than an Embraer E175. Consequently, the airline’s alternative of plane for the Boston-Toronto route can introduce variations in flight length.

  • Routing and Layovers

    Airways make use of totally different routing methods for the Boston-Toronto route. Some provide direct, continuous flights, whereas others could route passengers via connecting hubs, including to the overall journey time. For instance, a direct flight with Porter Airways will typically be faster than a connecting flight with Air Canada routed via Montreal. Layovers, even transient ones, contribute considerably to the general length of the journey.

  • Scheduled Flight Occasions

    Airways publish scheduled flight occasions that mirror their deliberate durations for particular routes. Nonetheless, precise flight occasions can differ attributable to elements like air site visitors management and climate situations. Whereas an airline would possibly schedule a Boston-Toronto flight for 1 hour and 45 minutes, real-world situations can prolong or, much less ceaselessly, shorten this length. Checking historic flight information can provide a extra reasonable understanding of typical flight occasions for particular airways.

  • Operational Effectivity

    An airline’s operational effectivity can subtly affect flight length. Components like gate turnaround occasions, baggage dealing with procedures, and on-time efficiency statistics can all contribute to minor variations in precise departure and arrival occasions. Whereas these particular person elements could solely contribute minutes to the general journey, they will turn into vital when accrued, significantly for vacationers with tight connecting flight schedules.

Contemplating the airline’s operational traits, together with plane alternative, routing technique, and typical flight occasions, permits vacationers to develop a extra correct expectation of the general journey length between Boston and Toronto. This knowledgeable perspective empowers vacationers to pick airways that align with their priorities, whether or not it is minimizing general journey time or prioritizing cost-effectiveness.

3. Direct vs. Connecting

The selection between a direct and connecting flight considerably impacts the general journey time between Boston and Toronto. Direct flights, because the title suggests, contain a single, uninterrupted journey from origin to vacation spot. Connecting flights, conversely, require passengers to deplane at an intermediate airport and board a second plane to finish their journey. This middleman cease introduces extra time issues, together with layover length, potential delays, and the time required for deplaning and re-boarding.

Layover durations can differ considerably, starting from as little as one hour to a number of hours and even in a single day. A shorter layover minimizes general journey time however introduces the next danger of lacking a connecting flight if the preliminary leg experiences delays. Longer layovers present extra buffer time however prolong the overall journey length. For instance, a direct flight from Boston to Toronto sometimes takes round 1 hour and 45 minutes. A connecting flight with a one-hour layover might prolong the overall journey time to roughly 3 hours and 45 minutes, assuming on-time efficiency. Nonetheless, a delay within the preliminary leg might trigger passengers to overlook their connection, probably including a number of hours to the general journey.

Selecting between a direct and connecting flight entails a trade-off between journey time and price. Direct flights typically command a premium value attributable to their comfort and time financial savings. Connecting flights, whereas sometimes inexpensive, introduce the danger of prolonged journey time attributable to layovers and potential delays. Subsequently, vacationers should fastidiously weigh these elements when deciding on a flight, contemplating their price range, schedule flexibility, and tolerance for potential journey disruptions. Understanding the implications of selecting a direct versus a connecting flight is essential for managing expectations and planning accordingly. This consciousness empowers vacationers to optimize their itinerary primarily based on their particular person priorities and danger tolerance.

4. Wind Situations

Wind situations play a major function in figuring out flight length between Boston and Toronto. Particularly, headwinds and tailwinds straight affect the time an plane takes to traverse the space. Headwinds, which blow towards the path of journey, successfully cut back the plane’s floor pace, rising flight time. Conversely, tailwinds, blowing within the path of journey, enhance floor pace, decreasing general flight length. The affect of those winds will be substantial, probably including or subtracting minutes, even tens of minutes, from the anticipated flight time.

Contemplate a situation the place an plane encounters robust headwinds throughout a flight from Boston to Toronto. These headwinds create resistance, requiring the plane to exert extra energy to take care of its airspeed. This elevated effort interprets to greater gasoline consumption and an extended flight time. In distinction, a flight experiencing robust tailwinds advantages from a lift in floor pace, requiring much less engine energy and consequently decreasing gasoline consumption and journey time. As an example, a flight encountering a constant 50-knot headwind might see its flight time prolonged by 15-20 minutes in comparison with a flight with calm winds. Equally, a 50-knot tailwind might shave a comparable period of time off the journey. Pilots and airline dispatchers think about these elements when planning flight routes and calculating gasoline necessities, aiming to optimize for each effectivity and security.

Understanding the affect of wind situations on flight length underscores the dynamic nature of air journey. Whereas scheduled flight occasions present an estimate, precise journey time stays topic to variations attributable to prevailing climate patterns. This consciousness permits vacationers to anticipate potential delays or earlier-than-expected arrivals, significantly during times identified for robust winds aloft. Consulting climate forecasts and flight monitoring companies that present real-time wind data can provide invaluable insights into potential impacts on flight length.

5. Air Site visitors

Air site visitors density considerably influences flight durations between Boston and Toronto. Excessive-volume air site visitors, significantly round main airports like Boston Logan Worldwide and Toronto Pearson Worldwide, typically results in delays. Plane could also be held in holding patterns earlier than being cleared for takeoff or touchdown, including to the general flight time. These delays can vary from a couple of minutes to a considerable interval, relying on the extent of congestion. Air site visitors management manages this stream to take care of security and effectivity, however delays stay an inherent a part of high-volume air journey. For instance, throughout peak journey seasons or intervals of inclement climate, elevated air site visitors congestion round these hubs typically ends in prolonged flight occasions.

The interaction between air site visitors management procedures and flight length is advanced. Air site visitors controllers prioritize security, necessitating adherence to strict separation protocols between plane. This may contain directing plane to observe particular routes and altitudes, which can not at all times characterize essentially the most direct path. Whereas these procedures are important for stopping collisions and sustaining orderly air site visitors stream, they will not directly contribute to elevated flight occasions. Plane is perhaps instructed to fly much less direct routes or cut back pace to take care of secure separation, impacting general journey length. Moreover, floor delays, throughout which plane are held on the gate attributable to airport congestion, may contribute considerably to prolonged flight occasions.

Understanding the affect of air site visitors on flight length gives vacationers with a sensible perspective on potential variability in journey time. Recognizing that air site visitors density is a key think about potential delays permits for better-informed journey planning and reduces the chance of sudden schedule disruptions. Consulting real-time flight monitoring companies and airport web sites can present updates on present air site visitors situations and potential delays, enabling vacationers to regulate plans accordingly and reduce the affect of air site visitors congestion on their general journey expertise.

6. Time of Yr

Differences due to the season considerably affect flight durations between Boston and Toronto. Climate patterns, air site visitors quantity, and airline scheduling practices fluctuate all year long, impacting journey occasions. Understanding these seasonal influences permits vacationers to anticipate potential variations and plan accordingly.

  • Winter Climate

    Winter climate presents vital challenges to air journey. Snowstorms, ice, and freezing temperatures can result in flight delays and cancellations, probably extending journey time considerably. De-icing procedures, whereas important for security, add time to pre-flight preparations. Moreover, plane efficiency will be affected by chilly temperatures and diminished visibility, probably necessitating longer flight paths or slower speeds. For instance, a flight scheduled for 2 hours might expertise delays of a number of hours and even cancellations attributable to a significant winter storm.

  • Summer time Air Site visitors

    Summer time sometimes experiences peak air journey demand. Elevated passenger quantity results in greater air site visitors density, significantly round main hubs like Boston and Toronto. This congestion typically ends in floor delays and holding patterns, extending general flight occasions. Whereas scheduled flight durations stay fixed, precise journey occasions can enhance attributable to air site visitors administration procedures. A usually 90-minute flight would possibly take nearer to 2 hours throughout peak summer time journey intervals attributable to congestion and holding delays.

  • Vacation Journey Durations

    Vacation intervals, equivalent to Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Yr’s, expertise surges in air journey. This concentrated demand intensifies air site visitors congestion and infrequently results in longer flight occasions. Airways sometimes enhance flight frequencies to accommodate greater passenger volumes, however this could additional contribute to airspace saturation and potential delays. Vacationers ought to anticipate prolonged journey occasions throughout these peak intervals, factoring in potential delays when planning itineraries. A flight ordinarily scheduled for 1 hour and 45 minutes might simply prolong past two hours attributable to vacation journey congestion.

  • Shoulder Seasons

    Shoulder seasons, the intervals between peak and off-peak journey, sometimes provide a steadiness between favorable climate situations and decrease air site visitors quantity. Spring and fall typically current extra predictable flight schedules and diminished chance of weather-related delays. These intervals can provide extra dependable journey occasions in comparison with the extremes of summer time and winter. Flights throughout shoulder seasons usually tend to adhere to scheduled durations, with much less variability attributable to climate or congestion.

Contemplating the time of yr when planning journey between Boston and Toronto permits for extra reasonable expectations relating to flight length. Anticipating potential differences due to the season, significantly throughout winter and peak journey intervals, permits vacationers to plan accordingly, mitigating the affect of potential delays on general journey plans.

7. Departure Time

Departure time performs a nuanced but vital function in influencing the precise length of flights between Boston and Toronto. Whereas the scheduled flight time gives a baseline, the chosen departure time can introduce variations attributable to elements equivalent to air site visitors patterns, climate situations, and airline operational procedures. Understanding the interaction between departure time and these influencing elements permits vacationers to make extra knowledgeable selections and handle expectations relating to potential variations in journey time.

  • Peak vs. Off-Peak Journey Occasions

    Flights scheduled throughout peak journey occasions, sometimes weekday mornings and evenings, typically expertise longer taxi and holding occasions attributable to elevated air site visitors congestion. A morning departure from Boston, for example, would possibly encounter vital congestion, probably including to the general flight length. Conversely, off-peak departures, equivalent to noon or late-night flights, typically expertise much less congestion, probably resulting in shorter taxi occasions and a more in-depth adherence to the scheduled flight length. Selecting a much less congested departure time can mitigate the affect of air site visitors on general journey time.

  • Climate-Associated Delays

    Departure occasions can intersect with predictable climate patterns, influencing flight length. As an example, afternoon thunderstorms are frequent throughout summer time months. A flight scheduled to depart throughout this era would possibly expertise delays attributable to climate situations, probably extending the general journey time. Conversely, an early morning departure would possibly keep away from these afternoon thunderstorms, adhering extra carefully to the scheduled flight time. Contemplating typical climate patterns on the departure time can reduce the danger of weather-related delays.

  • Airline Scheduling Practices

    Airways typically schedule flights to optimize plane utilization and crew schedules. This may result in variations in flight length primarily based on departure time. For instance, a late-night departure is perhaps scheduled as a “red-eye” flight, aiming to maximise plane utilization in a single day. These flights, whereas typically extra inexpensive, could contain much less fascinating journey occasions. Conversely, a daytime departure is perhaps scheduled as a premium flight with greater fares and probably shorter flight occasions. Understanding airline scheduling practices permits vacationers to pick departure occasions that align with their preferences and priorities.

  • Connecting Flight Concerns

    For vacationers with connecting flights, the departure time of the preliminary leg performs an important function in figuring out the general journey length. A delayed departure can jeopardize connections, probably resulting in missed flights and prolonged layovers. Selecting a departure time that gives ample buffer time for potential delays can mitigate this danger. As an example, an earlier departure would possibly present extra flexibility in case of unexpected delays, guaranteeing a smoother connection and minimizing the general journey time. Conversely, a tightly scheduled departure leaves little room for error, rising the danger of missed connections and considerably prolonged journey durations.

The departure time, whereas seemingly a minor element, intricately connects to the general flight length between Boston and Toronto. Contemplating the interaction of air site visitors, climate patterns, airline scheduling, and connecting flight implications empowers vacationers to make strategic selections relating to departure occasions, in the end optimizing their journey expertise and managing expectations relating to potential variations in flight length.

8. Plane Sort

Plane sort performs an important function in figuring out flight length between Boston and Toronto. Totally different plane possess various efficiency traits, together with cruising pace, gasoline effectivity, and passenger capability, all of which contribute to the general time spent in transit. Understanding the connection between plane sort and flight length permits vacationers to make knowledgeable selections and handle expectations relating to potential variations in journey time.

  • Cruising Velocity

    The cruising pace of an plane straight impacts flight length. Bigger, extra fashionable plane typically cruise at greater speeds, decreasing journey time in comparison with smaller, older fashions. For instance, a contemporary wide-body jet just like the Airbus A330, sometimes used on transatlantic routes, cruises considerably quicker than a regional jet just like the Embraer E175, typically deployed on shorter routes. Whereas a direct flight between Boston and Toronto is comparatively brief, the selection of plane sort can nonetheless affect the general flight time by a number of minutes, significantly when contemplating potential headwinds or air site visitors congestion.

  • Gas Effectivity

    Whereas much less straight impactful than cruising pace on a brief route like Boston to Toronto, gasoline effectivity can not directly affect flight length. Extra fuel-efficient plane might be able to take extra direct routes, decreasing journey time in comparison with much less environment friendly plane that may require refueling stops or much less optimum flight paths. Whereas that is much less prone to be a significant component on the Boston-Toronto route, it might turn into extra vital on longer flights the place gasoline capability and effectivity play extra distinguished roles in route planning and general flight time.

  • Plane Measurement and Passenger Capability

    Plane dimension and passenger capability not directly affect flight length via their affect on airport operations. Bigger plane with greater passenger capacities require extra time for boarding and deplaning procedures. This may add to the general turnaround time on the gate, probably impacting departure occasions and, consequently, the overall flight length. Whereas these extra minutes may appear negligible, they will accumulate and turn into related for vacationers with tight connecting flight schedules.

  • Route Optimization Primarily based on Plane Efficiency

    Airways think about plane efficiency traits when optimizing routes. Sure plane varieties are higher fitted to particular routes primarily based on elements like distance, passenger demand, and operational prices. Airways would possibly deploy smaller, extra fuel-efficient plane on the Boston-Toronto route during times of decrease demand, probably choosing bigger, quicker plane throughout peak journey seasons. This strategic deployment of plane varieties contributes to variations in flight durations all year long. Understanding these issues gives vacationers perception into potential variations in flight occasions primarily based on the time of yr and prevailing journey demand.

The selection of plane, whereas typically decided by the airline, contributes to the general flight expertise and impacts the time spent touring between Boston and Toronto. Contemplating these elements gives vacationers with a extra nuanced understanding of the variables that affect flight length, facilitating better-informed decision-making and extra reasonable expectations relating to journey time.

9. Airport Delays

Airport delays characterize a major issue influencing the precise length of flights between Boston and Toronto. Whereas scheduled flight occasions present an estimated journey time, unexpected delays at both departure or arrival airports can considerably prolong the general journey. Understanding the varied causes and potential affect of airport delays is essential for managing journey expectations and mitigating potential disruptions.

  • Safety Checkpoint Delays

    Delays at safety checkpoints can come up from numerous elements, together with elevated passenger quantity, enhanced safety screening procedures, or tools malfunctions. These delays can ripple via airport operations, impacting flight departure occasions and increasing general journey length. As an example, lengthy queues at safety throughout peak journey intervals can add half-hour to an hour or extra to the general journey time, impacting connecting flight schedules and inflicting unexpected delays.

  • Gate Holds and Plane Upkeep

    Gate holds, throughout which plane are held on the gate attributable to operational causes, can considerably affect departure occasions. These holds can stem from air site visitors management directions, mechanical points requiring upkeep, or late-arriving connecting passengers. For instance, a mechanical subject requiring a minor restore might delay a flight’s departure by an hour or extra, impacting connecting flight schedules and inflicting cascading delays all through the journey itinerary.

  • Baggage Dealing with Points

    Baggage dealing with points, equivalent to misplaced or delayed baggage, can not directly affect flight durations. Whereas in a roundabout way affecting the time spent within the air, baggage delays could cause appreciable inconvenience and extra time spent on the baggage declare space upon arrival. This may be significantly disruptive for vacationers with tight connections or time-sensitive commitments upon arrival. Delayed baggage can add an hour or extra to the general journey expertise, requiring passengers to file claims and organize for delayed baggage supply.

  • Climate-Associated Delays at Vacation spot Airport

    Climate situations on the vacation spot airport, equivalent to thunderstorms, fog, or snowstorms, could cause arrival delays and, in some circumstances, flight diversions. These delays, whereas typically unavoidable, can considerably prolong general journey time. As an example, a flight scheduled to reach in Toronto is perhaps held in a holding sample attributable to heavy fog, including half-hour to an hour or extra to the overall journey time. In excessive circumstances, flights is perhaps diverted to alternate airports, necessitating floor transportation to the unique vacation spot and considerably extending the general journey.

Airport delays, whether or not on the origin or vacation spot, characterize a dynamic issue impacting the general length of flights between Boston and Toronto. Understanding the varied contributing elements and anticipating potential delays empowers vacationers to plan accordingly, construct buffer time into itineraries, and mitigate the disruptive affect of unexpected circumstances on their general journey expertise. Contemplating the potential for airport delays alongside different elements, equivalent to flight path and wind situations, gives a extra complete and reasonable perspective on complete journey time.

Ceaselessly Requested Questions

This part addresses frequent inquiries relating to flight durations between Boston and Toronto, offering concise and informative responses.

Query 1: What’s the typical flight length between Boston and Toronto?

Continuous flights typically vary from 1.5 to 2 hours. Nonetheless, numerous elements can affect the precise flight time, equivalent to climate situations and air site visitors.

Query 2: How do connecting flights have an effect on general journey time?

Connecting flights introduce extra time for layovers, probably extending the overall journey time by a number of hours relying on the layover length and connection schedule. Cautious consideration of layover occasions and potential delays is essential when reserving connecting flights.

Query 3: Which airways provide direct flights between Boston and Toronto?

A number of airways, together with Air Canada, Porter Airways, and WestJet, provide direct flights between Boston Logan Worldwide Airport (BOS) and Toronto Pearson Worldwide Airport (YYZ). Checking airline web sites or on-line journey businesses gives a complete checklist of accessible direct flight choices.

Query 4: How does the time of yr have an effect on flight length?

Climate situations, significantly throughout winter months, can result in delays and probably prolong flight durations. Peak journey seasons, equivalent to summer time and holidays, may affect flight occasions attributable to elevated air site visitors congestion. Contemplating seasonal elements permits for extra reasonable journey planning.

Query 5: Are there sources obtainable to trace real-time flight data?

A number of web sites and cellular functions provide real-time flight monitoring, offering updates on flight standing, estimated departure and arrival occasions, and potential delays. Consulting these sources gives up-to-date data relating to flight progress.

Query 6: How can vacationers mitigate potential delays and guarantee a easy journey?

Reserving direct flights when possible, permitting ample time for connections, checking flight standing often, and packing important gadgets in carry-on baggage are proactive measures to mitigate potential disruptions and guarantee a smoother journey expertise.

Understanding these elements permits for extra knowledgeable journey planning and a extra reasonable understanding of potential variations in journey time between Boston and Toronto.

Additional sections will discover particular points of journey planning, equivalent to selecting optimum flight routes and navigating airport procedures.

Suggestions for Planning Round Flight Durations

Environment friendly journey planning hinges on understanding typical flight durations. The following pointers provide sensible recommendation for optimizing journey preparations associated to flights between Boston and Toronto.

Tip 1: Guide Direct Flights When Possible: Direct flights reduce journey time by eliminating layovers and related dangers of missed connections. Whereas probably dearer, the time saved typically justifies the added value, significantly for time-sensitive journey.

Tip 2: Contemplate Buffer Time for Connecting Flights: When connecting flights are unavoidable, guarantee enough layover time to accommodate potential delays. A minimal of two hours is mostly really helpful for home connections, permitting for potential delays within the incoming flight and enough time to navigate the connecting airport.

Tip 3: Examine Flight Standing Repeatedly: Actual-time flight monitoring instruments and airline web sites present up-to-date data on flight standing, potential delays, and gate data. Repeatedly checking these sources permits vacationers to adapt to modifications and reduce disruption.

Tip 4: Think about Airport Transit Time: Account for journey time to and from airports, together with potential site visitors delays and safety checkpoint queues. Permitting ample time for airport transit reduces stress and minimizes the danger of missed flights.

Tip 5: Pack Good and Decrease Checked Baggage: Carrying important gadgets in a carry-on bag streamlines the arrival course of and avoids potential delays related to baggage declare. This additionally mitigates the danger of misplaced or delayed checked baggage.

Tip 6: Account for Time Zone Variations: Boston and Toronto observe the identical time zone (Japanese Time). Nonetheless, throughout Daylight Saving Time transitions, double-check to make sure correct time conversions and keep away from scheduling conflicts.

Tip 7: Make the most of Airport Sources: Familiarize oneself with airport layouts, facilities, and transportation choices at each Boston Logan Worldwide and Toronto Pearson Worldwide airports. Airport web sites and cellular functions present invaluable sources for navigating airport amenities effectively.

Tip 8: Contemplate Different Transportation: For shorter distances or budget-conscious journey, discover various transportation choices equivalent to prepare or bus routes between Boston and Toronto. Whereas probably longer in length, these choices can provide value financial savings and various journey experiences.

Implementing these methods optimizes journey preparations associated to flight length between Boston and Toronto, selling environment friendly and stress-free journey experiences.

This understanding of environment friendly journey planning transitions seamlessly to a conclusion summarizing the important thing takeaways and emphasizing the significance of knowledgeable decision-making for a profitable journey.

Conclusion

The length of a flight from Boston to Toronto, whereas nominally between 1.5 and a couple of hours for direct routes, stays topic to a fancy interaction of things. Air site visitors congestion, climate patterns, airline operational procedures, plane sort, and airport-specific delays all contribute to potential variations in precise journey time. Connecting flights introduce extra complexities, necessitating cautious consideration of layover durations and potential connection disruptions. An knowledgeable understanding of those influencing elements empowers vacationers to make reasonable estimations and knowledgeable selections relating to flight selections.

Efficient journey planning requires a proactive method, incorporating potential variations in flight length. Using real-time flight monitoring sources, permitting ample buffer time for connections, and understanding airline-specific scheduling practices contribute to a smoother, much less worrying journey expertise. Finally, recognizing the dynamic nature of air journey and planning accordingly optimizes the journey between Boston and Toronto, maximizing the chance of a well timed and environment friendly arrival.