The period of air journey between Dallas, Texas, and Portland, Oregon (PDX), is a key issue for vacationers. This period is influenced by a number of components, together with the particular airports used within the Dallas-Fort Price metroplex (DFW or DAL), chosen airline, route, and prevailing wind situations. Direct flights typically vary from roughly three and a half to 4 hours. Connecting flights can considerably lengthen journey time, generally including a number of hours to the general journey.
Understanding typical journey durations facilitates efficient journey planning. Precisely estimating journey time permits vacationers to handle connecting flights, floor transportation preparations, and total schedules extra effectively. Traditionally, developments in aviation know-how and optimized flight routes have contributed to lowering journey time between these two main metropolitan areas. This effectivity advantages each enterprise and leisure vacationers, minimizing time spent in transit and maximizing time at their vacation spot.
This text will additional discover the components affecting air journey period between these two cities, present sensible recommendation for locating essentially the most environment friendly itineraries, and focus on ideas for managing journey time successfully.
1. Direct Flights
Direct flights signify a important issue influencing total Dallas to PDX flight time. A direct route eliminates the time spent throughout layovers, together with deplaning, ready in connecting airports, and boarding a second plane. This interprets to a considerably shorter journey period in comparison with itineraries involving a number of connecting flights. For instance, a direct flight would possibly take roughly 3 hours and 45 minutes, whereas a connecting flight with a single layover might lengthen the whole journey time to six hours or extra, relying on the layover period and connection location. The provision of direct flights turns into particularly essential for time-sensitive journey, resembling enterprise journeys or occasions with fastened schedules.
A number of airways supply direct flights between Dallas (DFW or DAL) and Portland (PDX). The frequency of those direct flights can differ relying on the time of 12 months and day of the week, with larger frequency typically aligning with peak journey seasons and enterprise days. Selecting a direct flight typically simplifies journey logistics, lowering the potential for missed connections and baggage dealing with issues. This streamlined course of contributes considerably to a extra predictable and environment friendly journey expertise.
Prioritizing direct flights when planning journey between Dallas and Portland provides vital benefits by way of time administration. Whereas value concerns would possibly generally favor connecting flights, the time financial savings supplied by a direct route are sometimes invaluable. Evaluating the trade-off between value and time turns into an vital side of planning environment friendly journey between these two cities. Vacationers ought to fastidiously contemplate their priorities and schedule constraints when making this resolution.
2. Connecting Flights
Connecting flights play a big function in influencing total Dallas to PDX flight time. Whereas they could supply value benefits or expanded route choices when direct flights are unavailable or much less fascinating, connecting flights invariably add to the whole journey period. This added time stems from a number of components. Layovers, which may vary from a brief hour to a number of hours, necessitate deplaning, navigating connecting airports, clearing safety if required, and boarding a second plane. Every of those steps contributes to elevated journey time. Moreover, connecting flights introduce a larger danger of delays. A delayed preliminary flight may cause vacationers to overlook their connecting flight, doubtlessly resulting in vital disruptions in journey plans and additional extending the general journey. For example, a traveler connecting via Denver would possibly expertise a delay resulting from climate situations, inflicting a missed connection to Portland and requiring rebooking on a later flight, including a number of hours to the anticipated arrival time.
The selection between a connecting flight and a direct flight entails a cautious evaluation of priorities. Whereas connecting flights would possibly current decrease fares, the prolonged journey time represents a big trade-off. For time-sensitive journey, the extra hours spent in transit would possibly outweigh the price financial savings. For instance, a enterprise traveler would possibly prioritize a direct flight to make sure well timed arrival for a vital assembly, even when a connecting flight provides a decrease fare. Conversely, a leisure traveler with a versatile schedule would possibly discover a connecting flight with an extended layover acceptable, using the layover time for airport facilities or exploring the connecting metropolis. Understanding the impression of connecting flights on complete journey period is important for knowledgeable decision-making.
Cautious consideration of connecting flight implications is essential for efficient journey planning. Evaluating layover durations, potential for delays, and total journey time permits vacationers to make knowledgeable decisions aligned with their particular person wants and priorities. Whereas value financial savings could be engaging, the added time and potential for disruption related to connecting flights warrant cautious analysis throughout the broader context of the general journey plan. In the end, a complete understanding of those components permits vacationers to optimize their itineraries and handle journey time successfully when flying between Dallas and Portland.
3. Airline Selection
Airline choice considerably influences the general journey expertise between Dallas and Portland, impacting not solely flight period but in addition components resembling value, consolation, and accessible facilities. Understanding the nuances of every airline’s route community, scheduling practices, and plane sorts is important for knowledgeable decision-making.
-
Direct vs. Connecting Flights
Airways differ of their method to routing between Dallas and Portland. Some prioritize direct flights, minimizing total journey time, whereas others primarily supply connecting itineraries, typically at a cheaper price level however with an extended period. For instance, Alaska Airways sometimes provides quite a few direct flights, whereas different carriers would possibly route passengers via hubs like Denver or Phoenix, including a number of hours to the journey.
-
Scheduled Flight Instances
Airways function on various schedules, providing flights at totally different instances of the day. This impacts total journey time primarily based on most popular departure and arrival instances. An early morning departure would possibly reduce time spent in transit however require in a single day lodging previous to departure. Conversely, a red-eye flight would possibly maximize time on the vacation spot however contribute to journey fatigue. Evaluating flight schedules throughout airways permits vacationers to align their itineraries with private preferences and optimize total journey time primarily based on their particular wants.
-
Plane Sort and Pace
The kind of plane employed by totally different airways can impression flight period. Whereas trendy plane typically keep comparable cruising speeds, variations exist. Moreover, components resembling plane measurement and configuration can affect boarding and deplaning instances, subtly affecting total journey period. An airline utilizing a bigger plane would possibly expertise barely longer boarding instances in comparison with one utilizing a smaller regional jet.
-
On-Time Efficiency
An airline’s historic on-time efficiency report offers insights into the chance of delays. Frequent delays can considerably lengthen journey time, disrupting deliberate itineraries. Checking an airline’s on-time efficiency statistics offers beneficial data for anticipating potential delays and minimizing their impression on total journey plans, notably when contemplating connecting flights.
By fastidiously contemplating these components associated to airline alternative, vacationers could make knowledgeable choices that optimize each journey time and total journey expertise when flying between Dallas and Portland. A complete understanding of those components ensures that airline choice aligns with particular person priorities, whether or not these prioritize velocity, value, or consolation.
4. Time of Yr
Seasonal differences considerably affect Dallas to PDX flight time. Climate patterns, journey demand, and airline scheduling changes all year long contribute to fluctuating journey durations. Understanding these seasonal influences permits for more practical journey planning and lifelike expectations relating to potential delays or schedule modifications.
-
Peak Season (Summer time & Holidays)
Throughout peak journey seasons, resembling summer time and main holidays, elevated demand sometimes results in larger flight frequencies and doubtlessly longer flight durations. Air site visitors congestion round main airports, together with Dallas-Fort Price and Portland Worldwide, can contribute to delays throughout takeoff and touchdown. Moreover, airways typically make the most of bigger plane throughout peak seasons, which may marginally improve boarding and deplaning instances.
-
Off-Peak Season (Fall & Spring)
Journey demand typically decreases in the course of the off-peak seasons of fall and spring. This typically ends in shorter flight instances resulting from lowered air site visitors congestion and doubtlessly extra direct flight choices. Airways may also supply smaller plane throughout these durations, resulting in barely faster boarding and deplaning processes.
-
Winter Climate Issues
Winter climate situations can considerably impression flight instances between Dallas and Portland. Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures can result in flight delays and cancellations. De-icing procedures, whereas important for security, add time to pre-flight preparations and contribute to potential delays. Moreover, altered flight paths to keep away from extreme climate methods can lengthen journey period.
-
Airline Schedule Modifications
Airways incessantly regulate their flight schedules all year long to align with seasonal journey patterns. These changes can affect each the frequency and timing of flights between Dallas and Portland. Decreased flight frequency throughout off-peak seasons would possibly necessitate connecting flights, growing total journey time. Conversely, elevated frequency throughout peak seasons would possibly supply extra direct flight choices but in addition improve the chance of delays resulting from larger air site visitors quantity.
Contemplating the time of 12 months when planning journey between Dallas and Portland is essential for correct estimations of flight durations. Anticipating potential delays or schedule changes related to peak seasons, off-peak seasons, and winter climate situations facilitates proactive planning and extra environment friendly journey administration.
5. Day of Week
Day of the week constitutes a notable issue influencing Dallas to PDX flight time. Enterprise journey patterns contribute considerably to this variation. Weekday flights, notably throughout Monday mornings and Thursday afternoons, incessantly expertise larger demand, doubtlessly resulting in elevated air site visitors congestion and subsequent delays. For instance, a Monday morning flight from Dallas to Portland would possibly encounter delays because of the convergence of enterprise vacationers at each departure and arrival airports. Conversely, weekend flights typically expertise decrease demand, doubtlessly leading to shorter journey instances resulting from lowered congestion. A Saturday flight would possibly supply a faster journey in comparison with a Monday flight resulting from decreased air site visitors.
Airways regulate flight schedules and pricing methods in response to those predictable fluctuations in demand. Weekday flights, particularly throughout peak enterprise journey durations, are likely to command larger fares. Weekend flights, benefiting from decrease demand, would possibly supply extra aggressive pricing. This dynamic necessitates a strategic method to flight reserving, balancing value concerns in opposition to potential time financial savings related to weekend journey. For example, a traveler with schedule flexibility would possibly go for a Sunday flight to leverage doubtlessly decrease fares and lowered journey time, whereas a enterprise traveler with a hard and fast assembly schedule would possibly prioritize a Monday morning flight regardless of potential delays and better prices.
Understanding the correlation between day of the week and flight time empowers vacationers to make knowledgeable choices. Analyzing historic flight information and contemplating typical enterprise journey patterns permits for extra correct estimations of potential delays and facilitates strategic itinerary planning. This consciousness allows vacationers to optimize their journey schedules, balancing value effectivity with time administration concerns and minimizing the impression of predictable fluctuations in air journey demand.
6. Departure Airport (DFW/DAL)
The selection between Dallas-Fort Price Worldwide Airport (DFW) and Dallas Love Subject (DAL) represents a important preliminary resolution when planning air journey to Portland (PDX). This alternative straight impacts total journey time resulting from components resembling airline availability, flight frequency, floor transportation concerns, and potential variations in flight routes.
-
Airline Availability and Flight Choices
DFW, a considerably bigger airport, hosts a larger variety of airways and provides a wider array of direct and connecting flight choices to PDX. This broader choice typically offers extra flexibility in scheduling and doubtlessly shorter journey instances resulting from elevated direct flight availability. DAL, whereas smaller, focuses on particular airways, primarily Southwest Airways. This focus can restrict flight choices and necessitate connecting flights, doubtlessly extending total journey period.
-
Floor Transportation Time to Airport
The geographical location of every airport relative to a traveler’s origin throughout the Dallas-Fort Price metroplex considerably impacts pre-flight journey time. DFW, located between Dallas and Fort Price, would possibly require an extended commute for vacationers originating from sure areas throughout the metroplex. DAL, positioned nearer to downtown Dallas, typically offers a shorter commute for vacationers throughout the metropolis middle, doubtlessly offsetting any extra flight time related to connecting flights.
-
Flight Routes and Air Site visitors
Flights departing from DFW and DAL make the most of totally different airspaces and doubtlessly distinct flight paths to PDX. Air site visitors patterns and congestion ranges differ between the 2 airports. DFW, experiencing larger site visitors quantity, would possibly encounter larger delays throughout takeoff and touchdown in comparison with DAL. Conversely, DAL, whereas typically experiencing much less congestion, would possibly make the most of much less direct flight paths, doubtlessly growing total flight period.
-
Airport Dimension and Effectivity
Navigating a bigger airport like DFW can require extra time for check-in, safety screening, and traversing terminals. Whereas DFW provides intensive facilities and providers, the sheer measurement can contribute to longer pre-flight processing instances in comparison with the smaller and extra streamlined atmosphere of DAL. This issue ought to be thought of when estimating total journey time.
Cautious consideration of those components related to departure airport choice (DFW or DAL) is important for optimizing total Dallas to PDX flight time. Evaluating airline availability, floor transportation logistics, potential flight routes, and airport effectivity permits vacationers to make knowledgeable choices aligned with particular person journey priorities, balancing comfort, value, and total journey period.
7. Climate Circumstances
Climate situations signify a vital issue influencing Dallas to PDX flight time. Atmospheric variations alongside the flight path and at each departure and arrival airports can considerably impression flight schedules, doubtlessly inflicting delays or, in excessive instances, cancellations. Understanding the affect of climate methods on aviation operations facilitates proactive journey planning and manages expectations relating to potential disruptions.
-
Wind Patterns
Prevailing wind patterns and jet stream currents straight impression flight instances. Headwinds improve air resistance, requiring plane to expend extra gasoline and doubtlessly lengthen flight period. Conversely, tailwinds cut back air resistance, permitting for quicker journey and doubtlessly shorter flight instances. For example, a robust jet stream flowing from west to east can considerably cut back flight time from Dallas to Portland, whereas a reverse circulate can add appreciable time to the journey. Monitoring wind forecasts offers beneficial insights for anticipating potential variations in flight period.
-
Temperature Extremes
Excessive temperatures, each excessive and low, affect plane efficiency. Excessive temperatures cut back air density, requiring longer takeoff distances and doubtlessly impacting climb charges. Low temperatures can have an effect on gasoline effectivity and necessitate de-icing procedures, including time to pre-flight preparations. For instance, in periods of utmost warmth in Dallas, flights would possibly expertise delays resulting from elevated takeoff distances. Equally, freezing temperatures in Portland can result in de-icing delays, impacting departure instances and doubtlessly inflicting cascading delays all through the day.
-
Precipitation and Visibility
Precipitation, together with rain, snow, and freezing rain, considerably impacts visibility and runway situations. Decreased visibility necessitates instrument approaches, doubtlessly slowing touchdown procedures and growing spacing between arriving plane. Accrued snow or ice on runways requires clearing operations, resulting in delays and potential diversions to alternate airports. Heavy snowfall in Portland, for instance, may cause vital delays and disruptions to arriving flights from Dallas.
-
Thunderstorms and Turbulence
Thunderstorms pose vital security dangers to plane, typically resulting in flight diversions or delays. Turbulence inside thunderstorms may cause passenger discomfort and, in extreme instances, structural injury to plane. Air site visitors management adjusts flight paths to navigate round thunderstorms, doubtlessly growing flight durations. For example, a line of thunderstorms alongside the flight path from Dallas to Portland would possibly necessitate a big detour, including time to the journey and doubtlessly impacting arrival instances.
By contemplating these various weather-related components, vacationers achieve a extra complete understanding of their potential impression on Dallas to PDX flight time. Monitoring climate forecasts, checking flight standing updates, and incorporating potential delays into journey plans allows knowledgeable decision-making and mitigates the disruptive results of adversarial climate situations on air journey.
8. Air Site visitors Management
Air site visitors management (ATC) performs a important function in figuring out Dallas to PDX flight time. ATC manages the circulate of plane inside designated airspaces, making certain protected separation between plane and environment friendly utilization of accessible airspace. This administration straight impacts flight durations via a number of key mechanisms. Floor holds, applied by ATC to handle congestion at arrival airports, can delay departures, growing total journey time. For instance, if PDX experiences heavy arrival site visitors, ATC would possibly challenge floor holds at departing airports, together with DFW and DAL, delaying flights to Portland. Equally, airborne delays, applied to handle en route congestion or weather-related points, can lengthen flight durations by requiring plane to carry at designated altitudes or alter flight paths. An plane en route from Dallas to Portland would possibly encounter an airborne delay resulting from congestion in Denver airspace, including time to the general journey.
The complexity of the nationwide airspace system (NAS) necessitates subtle ATC procedures. Routing plane via optimum flight paths, balancing gasoline effectivity with time constraints, requires fixed monitoring and adjustment by ATC. Surprising occasions, resembling climate system growth or plane emergencies, necessitate dynamic rerouting choices by ATC, doubtlessly impacting flight instances. A sudden thunderstorm close to Portland would possibly require ATC to reroute incoming flights from Dallas, including time to these journeys. Moreover, airport capability limitations, notably throughout peak journey durations, contribute to congestion and potential delays managed by ATC. Restricted runway availability or gate availability at PDX can result in delays in arrival and departure instances, influenced by ATC circulate management procedures.
Understanding the affect of ATC on Dallas to PDX flight time offers vacationers with a extra lifelike perspective on potential variations in journey period. Whereas airways publish scheduled flight instances, precise flight instances stay topic to ATC directives primarily based on real-time situations throughout the NAS. Recognizing this dynamic interaction between scheduled flight instances and real-time ATC administration facilitates more practical journey planning and reduces the potential for frustration related to surprising delays. In the end, acknowledging the essential function of ATC in making certain protected and environment friendly air journey contributes to a extra knowledgeable and adaptable method to managing journey expectations.
9. Plane Sort
Plane kind influences Dallas to PDX flight time via variations in cruising velocity, gasoline effectivity, and most working vary. Whereas the impression of plane kind on flight period for a direct route would possibly seem negligible resulting from comparatively comparable cruising speeds amongst trendy jetliners, delicate variations exist. For instance, a Boeing 737-800, generally used on this route, may need a barely larger cruising velocity in comparison with an Airbus A320, doubtlessly shaving a couple of minutes off the whole flight time. Nonetheless, the extra vital impression manifests on longer routes the place plane efficiency variations turn out to be extra pronounced. For example, a more recent, extra fuel-efficient plane would possibly permit for a extra direct routing, lowering total flight time in comparison with an older plane requiring a gasoline cease. Whereas this state of affairs is much less doubtless on a direct Dallas to PDX flight, it turns into related when contemplating connecting flights or various routes.
Past cruising velocity, plane kind impacts operational effectivity. Bigger plane, such because the Boeing 737-900ER or Airbus A321, sometimes require longer boarding and deplaning instances in comparison with smaller regional jets just like the Embraer E175. This issue, whereas seemingly minor, can contribute to slight variations in total journey time, notably when contemplating tight connections. Moreover, plane kind influences an airline’s operational technique. Sure airways would possibly prioritize gasoline effectivity, choosing newer plane fashions with decrease gasoline consumption, even when these plane have barely decrease cruising speeds. This strategic resolution can not directly impression flight time by influencing route choice and flight frequency.
In abstract, whereas the direct impression of plane kind on Dallas to PDX flight time is likely to be restricted within the context of direct flights, the oblique influences on operational effectivity, routing choices, and airline technique warrant consideration. Understanding these nuances offers a extra complete perspective on the components contributing to total journey time. Contemplating plane kind alongside different components resembling climate, air site visitors management, and departure airport choice permits for a extra knowledgeable and lifelike evaluation of potential journey durations. This holistic method empowers vacationers to make extra strategic choices aligned with their particular person journey priorities.
Regularly Requested Questions
This part addresses frequent inquiries relating to flight durations between Dallas and Portland (PDX), providing concise and informative responses to facilitate knowledgeable journey planning.
Query 1: What’s the typical flight time for a direct flight from Dallas to Portland?
Direct flights typically vary from 3.5 to 4 hours, relying on the particular departure airport (DFW or DAL), airline, plane kind, and prevailing wind situations.
Query 2: How do connecting flights have an effect on total journey time?
Connecting flights add considerably to the general journey resulting from layover durations, potential delays, and the time required for deplaning, navigating connecting airports, and boarding a second plane. Complete journey time for connecting itineraries can vary from 6 to 10 hours or extra, relying on the specifics of the connecting flight.
Query 3: Which airways supply direct flights from Dallas to Portland?
A number of airways, together with Alaska Airways, American Airways, and Southwest Airways, sometimes supply direct flights between Dallas and Portland. The precise airways serving this route can differ relying on the time of 12 months and day of the week. Checking airline web sites or on-line journey companies offers essentially the most up-to-date data on accessible direct flights.
Query 4: How does the time of 12 months affect flight period?
Flight instances can differ relying on the season. Peak journey durations, resembling summer time and main holidays, typically expertise longer flight durations resulting from elevated air site visitors congestion. Winter climate situations can even trigger vital delays. Conversely, off-peak seasons would possibly supply shorter flight instances resulting from lowered demand.
Query 5: Does the day of the week impression flight time?
Day of the week can affect flight period. Weekday flights, notably throughout peak enterprise journey instances, are likely to expertise larger demand and potential delays. Weekend flights typically profit from decrease demand and doubtlessly shorter journey instances.
Query 6: How does the selection between DFW and DAL have an effect on journey time?
Selecting between Dallas-Fort Price Worldwide Airport (DFW) and Dallas Love Subject (DAL) impacts total journey time resulting from variations in floor transportation entry, airline availability, and flight routes. DFW provides extra direct flight choices, whereas DAL would possibly contain connecting flights. Vacationers ought to contemplate their location throughout the Dallas-Fort Price space and most popular airways when making this resolution.
Understanding these components permits for extra lifelike estimations of journey time and contributes to more practical journey planning. Contemplating these FAQs at the side of the data introduced in earlier sections facilitates knowledgeable decision-making and enhances the general journey expertise between Dallas and Portland.
This concludes the dialogue of things affecting flight time. The next sections will delve into methods for locating essentially the most environment friendly itineraries and supply sensible ideas for managing journey time successfully.
Ideas for Managing Dallas to PDX Flight Time
Environment friendly journey between Dallas and Portland requires strategic planning. The following tips supply sensible steerage for minimizing journey time and maximizing effectivity.
Tip 1: E-book Direct Flights When Doable: Direct flights remove layover time, considerably lowering total journey period. Prioritizing direct routes minimizes potential disruptions related to connecting flights.
Tip 2: Think about Off-Peak Journey: Touring throughout much less congested durations, resembling weekdays exterior of peak enterprise hours or weekends, can cut back the chance of delays and doubtlessly shorten total journey time.
Tip 3: Make the most of Flight Comparability Web sites: Using flight comparability web sites permits vacationers to judge varied flight choices, together with direct and connecting itineraries, throughout a number of airways. This facilitates knowledgeable decision-making primarily based on components resembling flight period, value, and schedule.
Tip 4: Monitor Climate Forecasts: Checking climate forecasts for each Dallas and Portland earlier than departure permits vacationers to anticipate potential weather-related delays and regulate journey plans accordingly. Being conscious of potential climate disruptions empowers proactive changes.
Tip 5: Think about Floor Transportation Time: Think about the time required for floor transportation to and from airports when estimating total journey time. Selecting essentially the most handy airport (DFW or DAL) primarily based on origin and vacation spot throughout the Dallas-Fort Price and Portland metropolitan areas contributes to environment friendly journey planning.
Tip 6: Examine Airline On-Time Efficiency: Evaluating an airline’s historic on-time efficiency offers insights into potential delays. Choosing airways with robust on-time efficiency information can reduce disruptions and contribute to extra predictable journey experiences.
Tip 7: Permit Ample Buffer Time for Connections: When reserving connecting flights, permit adequate buffer time between flights to account for potential delays. An extended layover offers a cushion in opposition to unexpected circumstances and reduces the chance of missed connections.
Tip 8: Pack Mild and Make the most of Carry-on Baggage: Minimizing checked baggage streamlines the arrival course of, avoiding baggage declare wait instances. Carry-on baggage permits for faster airport navigation and reduces the chance of misplaced or delayed baggage.
Implementing these methods enhances journey effectivity, minimizing time spent in transit and maximizing time on the vacation spot. Knowledgeable planning contributes to a extra seamless and predictable journey expertise.
This part supplied actionable ideas for managing journey time. The next conclusion summarizes key takeaways and provides ultimate suggestions for optimizing journey between Dallas and Portland.
Conclusion
Evaluation reveals that quite a few components affect the period of flights between Dallas and Portland Worldwide Airport (PDX). Direct flights supply vital time financial savings in comparison with connecting itineraries, although availability and value have to be thought of. Airline choice performs a vital function, impacting not solely flight period but in addition components like value, consolation, and accessible facilities. Seasonal differences, day of the week, and the chosen departure airport (DFW or DAL) additional contribute to fluctuations in total journey time. Unpredictable components like climate situations and air site visitors management choices introduce inherent variability into flight schedules. Even plane kind, although seemingly minor, can subtly affect total period via variations in cruising velocity and operational effectivity. Strategic planning, knowledgeable by a complete understanding of those contributing components, stays important for environment friendly journey.
Minimizing journey time requires proactive methods. Prioritizing direct flights, leveraging flight comparability web sites, contemplating off-peak journey, and monitoring climate forecasts empower knowledgeable decision-making. Factoring in floor transportation time, checking airline on-time efficiency, and permitting ample buffer time for connections contribute to a extra predictable and environment friendly journey expertise. In the end, knowledgeable planning, adaptable methods, and lifelike expectations relating to potential variations contribute considerably to optimizing journey time between Dallas and Portland.
