MSP to PHL Flight Time: How Long?


MSP to PHL Flight Time: How Long?

The period of a journey by air between Minneapolis-Saint Paul Worldwide Airport (MSP) and Philadelphia Worldwide Airport (PHL) is an important issue for vacationers. This period is influenced by a number of parts, together with the chosen airline, particular route, climate situations, and air visitors management. A continuous itinerary usually requires roughly 2.5 to three hours. Connecting flights, whereas doubtlessly providing decrease fares, can considerably prolong the general journey time, typically including a number of hours to the journey.

Understanding the everyday size of this journey permits for efficient journey planning. Vacationers can precisely estimate arrival occasions, schedule connecting transportation, and make knowledgeable selections about flight choices. This data is especially helpful for enterprise vacationers, people with tight schedules, and people connecting to different locations. Traditionally, developments in aviation expertise and optimized flight paths have contributed to decreasing journey occasions between main cities like Minneapolis and Philadelphia.

This understanding of anticipated journey period serves as a basis for exploring associated subjects resembling optimum flight routes, airline comparisons, ticket pricing methods, and seasonal journey issues. Additional exploration will supply a extra full image of the Minneapolis to Philadelphia air journey expertise.

1. Direct Flight Length

Direct flight period represents a crucial part of general Minneapolis to Philadelphia flight time. It signifies the time an plane spends airborne, completely between Minneapolis-Saint Paul Worldwide Airport (MSP) and Philadelphia Worldwide Airport (PHL), with out intermediate stops. This period, usually starting from 2.5 to three hours, varieties the baseline for journey time estimations. Elements resembling plane kind, cruising velocity, and air visitors management directives can affect this baseline. Selecting a direct flight typically minimizes complete journey time, significantly helpful for time-sensitive journeys. For example, a enterprise traveler attending a gathering in Philadelphia would doubtless prioritize a direct flight to make sure well timed arrival. Conversely, choosing a connecting flight, even with a shorter marketed direct flight period on every leg, would possibly end in a considerably longer general journey expertise as a result of layovers and potential delays.

The importance of understanding direct flight period extends past merely realizing the airborne time. It permits for correct scheduling of subsequent actions, minimizing potential disruptions to itineraries. For instance, somebody planning a day journey from Minneapolis to Philadelphia should issue within the direct flight period each methods to make sure satisfactory time for deliberate actions and a return flight. Disregarding this important ingredient can result in missed connections, appointment delays, and general journey disruption. Airways typically publish estimated direct flight durations, which function helpful planning instruments. Nonetheless, recognizing potential variability as a result of unexpected circumstances stays important for life like journey planning.

In conclusion, direct flight period serves as a cornerstone for efficient Minneapolis to Philadelphia journey planning. Its correct evaluation permits vacationers to optimize itineraries, reduce potential disruptions, and make knowledgeable selections concerning flight selections. Whereas airways present estimated durations, acknowledging potential variations as a result of operational and environmental components permits for larger flexibility and preparedness. This consciousness contributes to a smoother, extra predictable journey expertise, in the end maximizing the worth of time spent in transit.

2. Connecting Flight Length

Connecting flight period considerably influences general Minneapolis to Philadelphia journey time. In contrast to direct flights, connecting itineraries contain a number of intermediate stops at different airports. Understanding the nuances of connecting flight period is essential for correct journey planning and knowledgeable decision-making.

  • Layover Time

    Layover time, the interval spent at an intermediate airport between connecting flights, constitutes a serious part of connecting flight period. Layovers can vary from temporary 30-minute connections to prolonged intervals of a number of hours. A brief layover in Charlotte, for instance, would possibly add minimal time to the general journey, whereas an in a single day layover in Atlanta may considerably improve complete journey time. Satisfactory layover time is essential for navigating airport procedures, resembling baggage declare and re-check-in, with out risking missed connections. Inadequate layover time will increase the chance of journey disruptions, particularly contemplating potential delays of the preliminary flight leg.

  • Variety of Stops

    The variety of intermediate stops straight impacts connecting flight period. Every cease introduces extra time for taxiing, deplaning, and boarding, in addition to potential ready intervals in airport terminals. A single-stop itinerary via Detroit, for example, will usually be shorter than a two-stop itinerary via Chicago after which Washington D.C. A number of stops introduce larger complexity and improve the general journey time, doubtlessly offsetting any price financial savings related to connecting flights.

  • Routing and Distance

    The geographical routing of connecting flights additionally impacts general period. A connecting flight routed via a geographically nearer airport, resembling Pittsburgh, will usually have a shorter flight period than a flight routed via a extra distant airport like Dallas. This issue, mixed with layover time, contributes to the whole journey time. Selecting a connecting itinerary with a strategically advantageous routing can reduce general journey period, even with a layover.

  • Airline Concerns

    Totally different airways make use of various connection methods. Some airways prioritize fast connections, whereas others supply wider connection home windows. Moreover, interline agreements between airways have an effect on baggage switch effectivity. Understanding an airline’s typical connection practices offers insights into potential delays and general journey time expectations. Selecting an airline with streamlined connection procedures can reduce potential disruptions and contribute to a smoother journey expertise.

Cautious consideration of those sides of connecting flight period is paramount for efficient Minneapolis to Philadelphia journey planning. Evaluating layover occasions, the variety of stops, routing effectivity, and airline practices empowers vacationers to make knowledgeable selections that align with particular person journey wants and preferences. Whereas connecting flights can generally supply price benefits, an intensive understanding of their potential impression on general journey time is important for avoiding surprising delays and maximizing the effectivity of journeys between Minneapolis and Philadelphia.

3. Airline Schedules

Airline schedules play a pivotal function in figuring out the general journey time between Minneapolis and Philadelphia. A complete understanding of those schedules is important for efficient planning and minimizing potential journey disruptions. The frequency of flights, departure and arrival occasions, and variations throughout completely different airways all contribute to the complexity of choosing an applicable itinerary.

  • Frequency of Flights

    The variety of flights working between Minneapolis and Philadelphia on a given day straight impacts journey flexibility. Larger flight frequency affords extra selections for departure and arrival occasions, accommodating various schedules. Conversely, restricted flight frequency restricts choices, doubtlessly necessitating longer layovers or much less fascinating journey occasions. Airways could function a number of day by day direct flights throughout peak seasons or cut back frequency throughout off-peak intervals, impacting general journey period.

  • Departure and Arrival Occasions

    Scheduled departure and arrival occasions are essential issues for optimizing journey plans. Early morning departures, whereas doubtlessly inconvenient, can maximize the complete day on the vacation spot. Late night arrivals, whereas providing a full day on the origin, will be tiring and restrict night actions on the vacation spot. Airways typically modify schedules seasonally, influencing general journey time and requiring cautious consideration throughout journey planning.

  • Variations Throughout Airways

    Totally different airways function distinct schedules, providing various departure and arrival occasions, flight frequencies, and route choices. One airline would possibly prioritize morning departures, whereas one other would possibly give attention to night flights. Understanding these variations is important for evaluating choices and deciding on probably the most appropriate itinerary primarily based on particular person journey preferences and schedule constraints.

  • Codeshare Agreements and Interline Partnerships

    Codeshare agreements and interline partnerships between airways can affect scheduling issues. A codeshare flight, marketed by one airline however operated by one other, might need a unique schedule than flights solely operated by the advertising and marketing airline. Equally, interline partnerships impression connection choices and baggage switch procedures, doubtlessly affecting general journey time. Cautious consideration to those agreements is important for seamless journey planning.

In conclusion, airline schedules symbolize a crucial issue influencing Minneapolis to Philadelphia flight time. Evaluating flight frequency, departure and arrival occasions, variations throughout airways, and the implications of codeshare agreements empowers vacationers to make knowledgeable selections, optimize itineraries, and reduce potential journey disruptions. An intensive understanding of those scheduling nuances contributes to a smoother and extra environment friendly journey expertise.

4. Air Site visitors Management

Air visitors management (ATC) performs a major function in figuring out the precise flight time between Minneapolis and Philadelphia. Whereas scheduled flight occasions present an estimate, ATC interventions, necessitated by varied components, can introduce deviations from the deliberate itinerary. Understanding the impression of ATC on flight period permits vacationers to anticipate potential variations and handle expectations.

  • Floor Delays and Taxi Time

    ATC manages plane motion on the bottom, together with taxiing to and from runways. Floor delays, typically attributable to congestion at busy airports like MSP or PHL, can prolong taxi time and consequently improve general journey period. Throughout peak hours or inclement climate, these delays can change into substantial, including important time to the deliberate flight time.

  • Holding Patterns and Rerouting

    Climate programs, congestion within the airspace, or surprising occasions can necessitate holding patterns or rerouting by ATC. Holding patterns contain circling in a delegated space till clearance is granted to proceed, whereas rerouting directs plane alongside various flight paths. Each situations improve flight period and may impression arrival occasions. For instance, a thunderstorm close to Philadelphia may power incoming flights from Minneapolis right into a holding sample, including time to the journey.

  • Departure Delays and Sequencing

    ATC manages departure sequencing, prioritizing plane for takeoff primarily based on varied components together with vacation spot, plane kind, and prevailing situations. Departure delays, attributable to visitors quantity, climate situations, or different operational constraints, can ripple via the system, affecting subsequent flights and rising general journey time. A delayed departure from Minneapolis can result in a late arrival in Philadelphia, impacting connecting flights or scheduled actions.

  • Airspace Administration and Stream Management

    ATC employs airspace administration methods and circulation management measures to take care of protected and environment friendly visitors circulation. These measures can contain adjusting plane speeds, altitudes, and routes to optimize airspace utilization. Whereas enhancing general system effectivity, these interventions can subtly impression particular person flight durations, doubtlessly including or subtracting minutes from the scheduled time.

In conclusion, air visitors management actions, whereas important for sustaining security and effectivity, introduce a component of variability into Minneapolis to Philadelphia flight occasions. Recognizing the potential impression of floor delays, holding patterns, departure sequencing, and airspace administration permits vacationers to anticipate potential deviations from scheduled occasions and modify plans accordingly. This consciousness contributes to a extra life like understanding of journey period and facilitates proactive administration of potential disruptions.

5. Seasonal Variations

Differences due to the season exert a substantial affect on Minneapolis to Philadelphia flight time. These variations, primarily pushed by climate patterns and fluctuating demand, manifest in a number of methods, impacting each scheduled flight durations and the chance of delays. Understanding these seasonal influences is essential for correct journey planning and managing expectations.

Winter climate, characterised by snow and ice in each Minneapolis and Philadelphia, often results in flight delays and cancellations. De-icing procedures, runway closures, and diminished visibility contribute to prolonged floor occasions and potential air visitors congestion. Moreover, winter storms can necessitate rerouting or holding patterns, including to general flight period. Conversely, summer time thunderstorms, whereas much less frequent than winter snow occasions, can nonetheless disrupt flight schedules, primarily via floor delays and occasional rerouting. The elevated frequency of air journey throughout summer time months, significantly round holidays, contributes to larger air visitors quantity, rising the potential for delays, particularly at peak hours. This heightened demand may also affect ticket costs and flight availability, not directly impacting journey planning.

Shoulder seasons, spring and autumn, usually supply extra predictable flight schedules and fewer weather-related disruptions. Average temperatures and usually clearer skies contribute to smoother airport operations and fewer delays. These seasons typically current a steadiness between favorable flight situations and manageable passenger volumes. Nonetheless, transitional climate patterns throughout these intervals can sometimes introduce unpredictable situations, requiring vacationers to stay conscious of potential fluctuations in flight occasions. Understanding these seasonal differences empowers vacationers to anticipate potential challenges, adapt journey plans accordingly, and make knowledgeable selections about flight bookings and journey dates. This consciousness contributes to a extra life like and manageable journey expertise between Minneapolis and Philadelphia.

6. Climate Situations

Climate situations symbolize a crucial issue influencing Minneapolis to Philadelphia flight time. Atmospheric situations at each origin and vacation spot airports, in addition to alongside the flight path, can considerably impression flight schedules, resulting in delays, diversions, and even cancellations. Understanding the multifaceted affect of climate is important for life like journey planning and managing expectations.

  • Visibility

    Low visibility, typically attributable to fog, heavy precipitation, or blowing snow, considerably impacts airport operations. Lowered visibility can necessitate delays in departures and arrivals as pilots require enough visible references for protected navigation. Instrument approaches, whereas permitting for operations in low visibility, can nonetheless improve method occasions, contributing to general flight delays. For example, dense fog in Philadelphia may delay the touchdown of flights arriving from Minneapolis, impacting connecting flights and scheduled floor transportation.

  • Wind

    Robust winds, significantly crosswinds, can pose challenges for plane throughout takeoff and touchdown. Crosswinds could make it troublesome to take care of correct alignment with the runway, doubtlessly necessitating go-arounds or diversions to alternate airports. Robust headwinds can improve flight occasions by decreasing floor velocity, whereas tailwinds can shorten flight occasions. For instance, robust headwinds encountered en route from Minneapolis to Philadelphia may prolong the general flight period.

  • Precipitation

    Heavy rain, snow, or ice can impression flight operations in varied methods. Snow accumulation on runways necessitates closures for clearing, resulting in floor delays and potential flight cancellations. Freezing rain or ice can create hazardous situations for plane, requiring de-icing procedures that add time to pre-flight preparations. Heavy rainfall can cut back visibility and create difficult touchdown situations. A major snowstorm in Minneapolis may result in flight cancellations, stranding passengers and disrupting journey plans.

  • Thunderstorms

    Thunderstorms pose a major risk to aviation security as a result of turbulence, lightning, and heavy precipitation. Air visitors management typically reroutes flights round thunderstorms to keep away from hazardous situations, rising flight occasions and doubtlessly resulting in delays. Floor delays are additionally frequent throughout thunderstorms as plane maintain on the bottom till protected passage via the storm system is feasible. A line of thunderstorms alongside the flight path between Minneapolis and Philadelphia may result in important delays and rerouting.

In conclusion, climate situations symbolize a dynamic and infrequently unpredictable issue influencing Minneapolis to Philadelphia flight occasions. Understanding the impression of visibility, wind, precipitation, and thunderstorms permits vacationers to anticipate potential disruptions and handle expectations accordingly. Checking climate forecasts for each origin and vacation spot airports, in addition to alongside the flight path, empowers vacationers to arrange for potential delays and make knowledgeable selections concerning journey plans.

7. Time Zone Distinction

The time zone distinction between Minneapolis and Philadelphia performs an important function in planning and experiencing air journey between these two cities. Minneapolis observes Central Customary Time (CST) or Central Daylight Time (CDT) relying on the time of yr, whereas Philadelphia observes Jap Customary Time (EST) or Jap Daylight Time (EDT). This one-hour distinction impacts scheduling, arrival occasions, and changes required upon reaching the vacation spot.

  • Scheduling Challenges

    The time zone distinction necessitates cautious consideration when reserving flights. A flight departing Minneapolis at 8:00 a.m. CST arrives in Philadelphia at 11:00 a.m. EST. This distinction can have an effect on connections, assembly schedules, and general itinerary planning. Vacationers should account for this time shift when coordinating floor transportation, resort check-in, and different time-sensitive preparations.

  • Arrival Time Changes

    Upon arrival in Philadelphia, vacationers from Minneapolis want to regulate their watches and gadgets ahead by one hour. This adjustment impacts sleep schedules, meal occasions, and general acclimatization to the brand new time zone. Whereas a one-hour distinction may appear minor, it may possibly nonetheless contribute to fatigue, particularly for these touring westward on the return journey. Consciousness of this time change permits vacationers to proactively modify schedules and reduce potential disruption.

  • Impression on Connecting Flights

    The time zone distinction turns into significantly important when contemplating connecting flights. Vacationers arriving in Philadelphia from Minneapolis might need a shorter connection window than anticipated because of the time change. Cautious calculation of layover occasions, accounting for the time zone distinction, is essential to keep away from missed connections. For instance, a two-hour layover in Philadelphia would possibly successfully cut back to only one hour contemplating the time change, doubtlessly jeopardizing a connecting flight.

  • Daylight Hours and Exercise Planning

    The time zone distinction impacts daylight skilled at every location. A traveler departing Minneapolis in daylight would possibly arrive in Philadelphia nearer to sundown, particularly throughout winter months. This shift in daylight influences exercise planning and sightseeing alternatives. Understanding the time distinction permits vacationers to optimize their itinerary and maximize their time on the vacation spot.

In abstract, the one-hour time distinction between Minneapolis and Philadelphia, whereas seemingly minor, considerably impacts varied facets of air journey between these cities. Cautious consideration of scheduling, arrival time changes, connecting flight implications, and daylight hour shifts permits vacationers to navigate this time zone distinction successfully, minimizing potential disruptions and maximizing the general journey expertise.

8. Airport Procedures

Airport procedures at each Minneapolis-St. Paul Worldwide Airport (MSP) and Philadelphia Worldwide Airport (PHL) contribute on to the general Minneapolis to Philadelphia flight time. These procedures, whereas designed to make sure security and effectivity, introduce time-consuming steps that vacationers should navigate. Understanding these procedures permits for life like time administration and minimizes potential disruptions.

  • Safety Checkpoints

    Navigating safety checkpoints represents a major time dedication inside airport procedures. Wait occasions at safety checkpoints can differ significantly relying on components resembling time of day, passenger quantity, and safety staffing ranges. Longer wait occasions at MSP or PHL can cut back the efficient time out there for boarding, doubtlessly resulting in missed flights or tight connections. Adhering to TSA rules concerning carry-on baggage and prohibited objects streamlines the screening course of, minimizing particular person delays.

  • Boarding and Deplaning

    The processes of boarding and deplaning plane introduce extra time issues. Boarding procedures, together with gate assignments, pre-boarding bulletins, and passenger group assignments, contribute to the pre-flight timeline. Equally, deplaning procedures, typically involving ready for assigned rows to exit, navigating jet bridges or stairs, and baggage retrieval, contribute to post-flight time. These procedures, whereas seemingly routine, add to the general journey period.

  • Baggage Dealing with

    Baggage dealing with procedures, encompassing check-in, baggage screening, and baggage declare, symbolize one other time-consuming facet of airport operations. Checked baggage should be processed earlier than departure, including time to pre-flight actions. Upon arrival, retrieving checked baggage from baggage declare additional extends the general journey time. Elements resembling baggage quantity, tools malfunctions, and staffing ranges can affect baggage dealing with effectivity, doubtlessly resulting in delays. Choosing carry-on baggage, when possible, streamlines the journey course of and minimizes potential baggage-related delays.

  • Customs and Immigration (for Worldwide Connections)

    Whereas circuitously relevant to home flights between Minneapolis and Philadelphia, connecting via both airport to a world vacation spot introduces extra procedures. Customs and immigration processing, involving passport management, visa verification, and baggage inspection, can add substantial time to the general journey expertise. Vacationers with worldwide connections should think about these extra procedures when planning itineraries and calculating layover occasions.

In conclusion, airport procedures at each MSP and PHL represent integral elements of Minneapolis to Philadelphia flight time. Safety checkpoints, boarding and deplaning processes, baggage dealing with, and potential customs and immigration procedures all contribute to the general period of the journey. Understanding and anticipating these procedures permits vacationers to successfully handle time, reduce potential delays, and contribute to a smoother and extra predictable journey expertise.

Ceaselessly Requested Questions

This part addresses frequent inquiries concerning Minneapolis to Philadelphia flight occasions, offering concise and informative responses.

Query 1: What’s the common continuous flight period between Minneapolis and Philadelphia?

Continuous flights usually vary from 2.5 to three hours. Nonetheless, precise flight time can differ as a result of components resembling wind situations and air visitors management.

Query 2: How does selecting a connecting flight have an effect on general journey time?

Connecting flights introduce layover intervals, doubtlessly extending general journey time considerably. The period of layovers, variety of stops, and routing all affect complete journey time.

Query 3: How do climate situations impression flight schedules between Minneapolis and Philadelphia?

Hostile climate, resembling snowstorms, thunderstorms, or heavy fog, could cause flight delays, cancellations, or diversions, impacting general journey time. Checking climate forecasts earlier than journey is advisable.

Query 4: What’s the time distinction between Minneapolis and Philadelphia, and the way does it have an effect on journey planning?

Philadelphia is one hour forward of Minneapolis. This distinction necessitates changes to schedules, arrival occasions, and connecting flight issues.

Query 5: How do airport procedures at MSP and PHL issue into general journey time?

Safety checkpoints, boarding and deplaning procedures, and baggage dealing with contribute to general journey time. Anticipating potential delays at these levels permits for life like planning.

Query 6: The place can vacationers discover probably the most up-to-date info on flight schedules and potential delays?

Checking straight with the chosen airline, using on-line flight monitoring providers, and monitoring airport web sites present probably the most present info concerning flight schedules, potential delays, and gate info.

Cautious consideration of those often requested questions empowers vacationers to make knowledgeable selections and handle expectations concerning Minneapolis to Philadelphia flight occasions. Proactive planning, contemplating potential variables, contributes to a smoother and extra predictable journey expertise.

For additional info and particular journey particulars, seek the advice of airline sources and journey advisory web sites.

Ideas for Managing Minneapolis to Philadelphia Flight Time

Optimizing journey time between Minneapolis and Philadelphia requires strategic planning and consideration of assorted components. The next ideas present helpful insights for environment friendly and stress-free journey.

Tip 1: Ebook Direct Flights When Attainable: Direct flights remove layover occasions, minimizing general journey period. Whereas doubtlessly costlier, the time saved typically outweighs the associated fee, particularly for time-sensitive journeys.

Tip 2: Contemplate Off-Peak Journey: Touring throughout much less busy occasions, resembling mid-week or throughout shoulder seasons, can cut back the chance of delays associated to air visitors congestion and airport procedures.

Tip 3: Enable Ample Time for Connections: When connecting flights are unavoidable, guarantee enough layover time to accommodate potential delays of the preliminary flight and navigate connecting airport procedures with out undue stress.

Tip 4: Monitor Climate Forecasts: Climate situations considerably impression flight schedules. Checking forecasts for each Minneapolis and Philadelphia earlier than departure permits for proactive changes to journey plans in case of inclement climate.

Tip 5: Make the most of Flight Monitoring Companies: Actual-time flight monitoring instruments present up-to-the-minute info on flight standing, potential delays, and gate adjustments, enabling knowledgeable decision-making and proactive changes to journey plans.

Tip 6: Familiarize Oneself with Airport Layouts: Understanding the structure of each MSP and PHL, together with terminal places, gate assignments, and transportation choices inside the airport, streamlines navigation and minimizes potential delays.

Tip 7: Pack Gentle and Effectively: Choosing carry-on baggage, when possible, eliminates the time spent checking luggage and ready at baggage declare, streamlining each departure and arrival processes.

Tip 8: Think about Time Zone Distinction: Philadelphia’s one-hour time distinction from Minneapolis necessitates cautious scheduling of actions, conferences, and connecting flights. Adjusting watches and gadgets upon arrival minimizes potential confusion.

Implementing these methods promotes environment friendly time administration and mitigates potential journey disruptions. Strategic planning and knowledgeable decision-making contribute considerably to a smoother, much less traumatic journey expertise between Minneapolis and Philadelphia.

By integrating these insights into journey plans, one can obtain a extra environment friendly and predictable journey between Minneapolis and Philadelphia, maximizing helpful time and minimizing potential stress related to air journey complexities.

Conclusion

Understanding Minneapolis to Philadelphia flight time entails a multifaceted evaluation of assorted contributing components. Direct flight period offers a baseline, usually starting from 2.5 to three hours. Nonetheless, connecting flights, whereas doubtlessly providing price benefits, introduce complexities associated to layover durations, routing, and the variety of stops, considerably influencing complete journey time. Airline schedules, with variations in frequency, departure occasions, and interline agreements, necessitate cautious consideration throughout planning. Air visitors management procedures, influenced by climate, congestion, and airspace administration, introduce a component of unpredictability, doubtlessly affecting each floor and air journey occasions. Differences due to the season, pushed by climate patterns and fluctuating demand, additional affect flight schedules and the chance of delays. Climate situations, together with visibility, wind, precipitation, and thunderstorms, symbolize a dynamic issue impacting flight operations. Lastly, the one-hour time distinction between Minneapolis and Philadelphia requires cautious consideration to scheduling and changes upon arrival. Airport-specific procedures, resembling safety checkpoints, baggage dealing with, and boarding processes, contribute to general journey period and necessitate environment friendly time administration.

Efficient administration of Minneapolis to Philadelphia flight time requires proactive planning, knowledgeable decision-making, and a practical understanding of potential variables. Strategic consideration of those components empowers vacationers to optimize itineraries, reduce potential disruptions, and obtain a extra environment friendly and predictable journey expertise. Steady monitoring of flight standing, climate forecasts, and airline communications offers helpful real-time info, facilitating proactive changes and mitigating the impression of unexpected circumstances. In the end, a complete understanding of those parts contributes to a smoother, extra managed, and in the end extra profitable journey between Minneapolis and Philadelphia.